Systemic Medications for Psoriasis

Introduction:

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and scaly patches on the skin. While there are various treatment options available, systemic medications play a crucial role in managing moderate to severe cases of psoriasis. This article will explore the basics of systemic medications, how they work, their different types, and potential side effects.

What Are Systemic Medications?

Systemic medications for psoriasis are prescription drugs that work internally to target the underlying causes of the condition. Unlike topical treatments that are applied directly to the affected skin, systemic medications are taken orally (in pill or liquid form) or administered through injections.

How Do Systemic Medications Work?

Systemic medications work by modulating the immune system, which is believed to play a significant role in the development of psoriasis. These medications help reduce inflammation and slow down the excessive growth of skin cells that lead to psoriatic lesions.

Types of Systemic Medications:

1. Methotrexate:

   - Methotrexate is an immunosuppressive medication that slows down the rapid skin cell growth.

   - It can be taken orally or through injections.

   - Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor its effects on the liver and blood cells.

2. Cyclosporine:

   - Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive drug that targets the immune system to reduce inflammation.

   - It is typically prescribed for short-term use due to potential side effects.

   - Regular blood tests are required to monitor its impact on the kidneys and blood pressure.

3. Acitretin:

   - Acitretin is a retinoid that regulates the growth of skin cells.

   - It is usually prescribed for severe psoriasis or when other treatments have not been effective.

   - Pregnant women or those planning pregnancy should avoid acitretin due to potential birth defects.

4. Apremilast:

   - Apremilast is an oral medication that inhibits an enzyme involved in the inflammatory process.

   - It is taken daily and does not require routine blood tests.

   - It may take several weeks to see noticeable improvements.

5. Biologic Agents:

   - Biologic agents are a newer class of medications that target specific parts of the immune system.

   - They are administered through injections or infusions.

   - Examples include adalimumab, etanercept, ustekinumab, and secukinumab.

Side Effects and Precautions:

Systemic medications may have potential side effects, and it is important to discuss them with your healthcare provider. Some common side effects may include nausea, headache, fatigue, and increased susceptibility to infections. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and attend regular check-ups to monitor any adverse effects.

Precautions to consider while taking systemic medications:

- Inform your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or medications you are currently taking.

- Pregnant women or those planning pregnancy should discuss the risks and benefits of systemic medications with their healthcare provider.

- Systemic medications may interact with other drugs, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking.

Conclusion:

Systemic medications are an important treatment option for moderate to severe psoriasis. They work by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation to manage the condition effectively. However, it is essential to work closely with your healthcare provider, discuss potential side effects, and follow the prescribed guidelines for the safe and effective use of systemic medications. With proper medical supervision, systemic medications can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals living with psoriasis.